Logic & Language
This section contains articles on logic, linguistics, formal systems, and artificial intelligence.
Topics include mathematical proof, validity and inference, axiomatic systems, formal languages, the history of logical ideas, linguistic structure and meaning, and computational approaches to reasoning and language processing.
Mathematics is an important point of reference, especially in discussions of proof, formalization, and symbolic representation. Other articles may focus on linguistic analysis or on specific questions raised by artificial intelligence.
The material ranges from introductory explanations to more technical or historical studies. Each article develops a particular problem in the detail it requires, using definitions, formal notation, examples, or historical sources where appropriate.
Articles
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Do Large Language Models Learn Grammar?
A comparison of how large language models process tokens, embeddings, and grammatical relations with the way children acquire human language. -
What Is a Proof?
An examination of mathematical proof, from formal derivation and logical consequence to the historical development of demonstrative practices. -
Choice and Infinity: The Axiom of Choice
An examination of the axiom of choice, from Cantor’s transfinite cardinals and Zermelo’s well-ordering theorem to Zorn’s lemma, vector-space bases, and non-measurable sets.